Background. The International Consensus Statement of US and European Diabetes Associations recommend consistent standardization of the HbA1c determination to the IFCC 1 reference measurement procedure, using the new unit mmol/mol. Since these new values in mmol/mol differ from values determined by the standardization according to NGSP 2, …A higher A1c target may be considered in people with the goals of avoiding hypoglycemia and over-treatment related to antihyperglycemic therapy, with any of the following: 1. Functionally dependent: 7.1 ‐ 8.0%. 2. Recurrent severe hypoglycemia and/or hypoglycemia unawareness: 7.1 ‐ 8.5%. 3.The glycemic index calculator shows you the glycemic index value for the most popular food products and assigns them into three categories: low glycemic index, mid-range glycemic index, and high glycemic index. Check the article below to find out what glycemic index is and how to calculate it. If you are interested in other diabetic …The higher the percentage, the higher your blood sugar levels have been over the last few months. For diagnosing purposes, an A1C level of: Less than 5.7% means you don’t have diabetes. 5.7% to 6.4% signals prediabetes. 6.5% or higher usually indicates Type 2 diabetes (or Type 1 diabetes).This insulin dosage calculator was created to show you how to calculate insulin dose with as little effort as possible. Your insulin dose regimen should be prescribed by your doctor; however, you may still need to determine your mealtime insulin dose. To do this, you will need to know the carbohydrate content of your meal, your current and target …Apr 5, 2024 · You can freely switch between units in both the hemoglobin and average blood sugar fields. For those curious about the actual calculations, here is the A1c (%) to average blood sugar (mg/dL) formula: Average Blood Sugar (mg/dL) = HbA1c (%) × 28.7 - 46.7. If you want to convert hemoglobin A1c level from a percent (%) to millimoles per mole ... There are several things that might help you to spot a fake calculator app if you’re concerned your child is using one. 1. Check the app memory size. Because calculator vault apps look like a regular calculator, it’s very hard to tell just by looking at the icon. One of the best ways to check if the calculator installed on your child’s ...- Use the A1C calculator to work out your A1C (% or mmol/mol) from your average blood glucose (mg/dL or mmol/l) and vice versa. - Set a date for your calculation(s) and store your results. - Logbook - view a history of the results you have stored to date. - Charts - take an at a glance look at how your hbA1C readings have changed throughout the ...The calculator will then estimate your average blood sugar levels based on this percentage. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) has established the following general guidelines for A1C levels: Less than 5.7%: Normal blood sugar control. 5.7% to 6.4%: Prediabetes. 6.5% or higher: Diabetes.This insulin dosage calculator was created to show you how to calculate insulin dose with as little effort as possible. Your insulin dose regimen should be prescribed by your doctor; however, you may still need to determine your mealtime insulin dose. To do this, you will need to know the carbohydrate content of your meal, your current and target …The MySugr app helps track blood glucose levels, food intake and medications to create insightful reports for your healthcare team. The app can easily be upgraded to the pro version for a fee. Within the pro version, users can utilize the ‘insulin calculator’ to help calculate proper insulin doses and corrections.Apr 5, 2024 · You can freely switch between units in both the hemoglobin and average blood sugar fields. For those curious about the actual calculations, here is the A1c (%) to average blood sugar (mg/dL) formula: Average Blood Sugar (mg/dL) = HbA1c (%) × 28.7 - 46.7. If you want to convert hemoglobin A1c level from a percent (%) to millimoles per mole ... - Use the A1C calculator to work out your A1C (% or mmol/mol) from your average blood glucose (mg/dL or mmol/l) and vice versa. - Set a date for your calculation(s) and store your results. - Logbook - view a history of the results you have stored to date. - Charts - take an at a glance look at how y…The One Drop app singularly offers collective tracking abilities of blood glucose, A1C, insulin, physical activity, and prescription medication within the app. Being free, available in 10 languages, and recognized across 15 peer-reviewed studies, One Drop only generated 10,000 consumer reviews and a lower rating of 4.5 stars than the other …This is the same formula GlucoseTracker uses in the app's dashboard. Glucose in mg/dL: A1c = (46.7 + average_blood_glucose) / 28.7. Glucose in mmol/L: A1c = (2.59 + average_blood_glucose) / 1.59. Source: Wikipedia. So, for example, if your average blood glucose level in the past 3 months is 130 mg/dL (7.2 mmol/L) , your estimated A1c … - Use the A1C calculator to work out your A1C (% or mmol/mol) from your average blood glucose (mg/dL or mmol/l) and vice versa. - Set a date for your calculation(s) and store your results. - Logbook - view a history of the results you have stored to date. - Charts - take an at a glance look at how y… A1C blood glucose calculator and tracking app - convert eAG to hbA1CDownload A1C Calculator - Blood Sugar T for Android: a free health & fitness app developed by HSMedia with 5,000+ downloads. A1C blood glucose calculator and tracking app...iPhone Screenshots. Blood Sugar Tracker, the #1 diabetes app, has been specifically designed to assist in tracking blood sugar, weight, blood pressure, A1C, medications, carbs, and more. With an impressive user base of over 50,000 individuals, Blood Sugar Tracker has earned the highest rating among diabetes apps available on the App Store.Free. iPhone Screenshots. This app converts your HbA1c level (either DCCT Percentage or IFCC mmol/mol) to estimated average blood glucose (eAG) levels (either in mmol/l or …Oct 27, 2022 · An A1C test result will appear as a percentage, with normal levels considered to be below 5.7 percent. According to the CDC, having A1C values within this normal range may be able to help reduce your risk of diabetes. An A1C value differs from the glucose insights you would get from a glucometer or continuous glucose monitor (CGM). mySugr App. Helping you manage your diabetes. Accu-Chek Daily Self-Test Diabetes Diary. ... A1c Calculator. Learn more about our A1C Calculator and how to use it. Sep 30, 2020 · Glucose Buddy Diabetes Tracker. A bit more on the clean and medical side, the Glucose Buddy app is a comprehensive diabetes management tracker without any frills or funny monster faces. You can log your blood sugars, meds, meals, weight, blood pressure, A1c…and more. It also tracks your steps and exercise activity (if you keep your phone in ... Carbohydrate Coverage Insulin Dose (units) = Meal carbohydrate content / Insulin to carb ratio (the X in 1:X) Commercial insulin products have varying I:C ratio, from 1:4 to 1:30, with most products having an I:C ratio of 1:12 or 1:15. This means that one unit disposes of 12 to 15 grams of carbohydrate. If unknown the I:C ratio can be estimated ...- Use the A1C calculator to work out your A1C (% or mmol/mol) from your average blood glucose (mg/dL or mmol/l) and vice versa. - Set a date for your calculation(s) and store your results. - Logbook - view a history of the results you have stored to date. - Charts - take an at a glance look at how y…A1C blood sugar calculator and tracking app - convert eAG to hbA1C - Use the A1C calculator to work out your A1C (% or mmol/mol) from your average blood glucose (mg/dL or mmol/l) and vice versa. - Set a date for your calculation(s) and store your results. - Logbook - view a history of the results you have stored to date. - Use the A1C calculator to work out your A1C (% or mmol/mol) from your average blood glucose (mg/dL or mmol/l) and vice versa. - Set a date for your calculation(s) and store your results. - Logbook - view a history of the results you have stored to date. - Charts - take an at a glance look at how y… Glucose to A1C Conversion Calculator. This clinical decision support tool offers a quick means for converting average glucose readings into glycated hemoglobin A1C values. Glycemic goals are individualized and based on a patient’s duration of diabetes mellitus, medical comorbidities, psychosocial stressors and life expectancy.GMI estimates A1C based on the average glucose level from the continuous monitoring sensor readings during the report period. This is what you see on the Libre under "Estimated A1c" The Estimated (GMI) value and the true blood HbA1c are rarely the same and a 20-35% difference is not unusual (my Libre A1c is 4.8% but my blood A1c is 5.7%).- Use the A1C calculator to work out your A1C (% or mmol/mol) from your average blood glucose (mg/dL or mmol/l) and vice versa. - Set a date for your calculation(s) and store your results. - Logbook - view a history of the results you have stored to date. - Charts - take an at a glance look at how y…My phone is a lot more faffing about, I have to open the app then hold it near the scanner (much closer than the reader needs to be) and wait for it to read it (2 buzzes/beeps) - though a friend with a Samsung just holds his phone near the sensor and it automatically opens the app and reads it - my phone is older and a cheaper make.Glucose to A1C Conversion Calculator. This clinical decision support tool offers a quick means for converting average glucose readings into glycated hemoglobin A1C values. Glycemic goals are individualized and based on a patient’s duration of diabetes mellitus, medical comorbidities, psychosocial stressors and life expectancy.iPhone Screenshots. Blood Sugar Tracker, the #1 diabetes app, has been specifically designed to assist in tracking blood sugar, weight, blood pressure, A1C, medications, carbs, and more. With an impressive user base of over 50,000 individuals, Blood Sugar Tracker has earned the highest rating among diabetes apps available on the App Store.A1C blood sugar calculator and tracking app - convert eAG to hbA1C - Use the A1C calculator to work out your A1C (% or mmol/mol) from your average blood glucose (mg/dL or mmol/l) and vice versa. - Set a date for your calculation(s) and store your results. - Logbook - view a history of the results you have stored to date.- Use the A1C calculator to work out your A1C (% or mmol/mol) from your average blood glucose (mg/dL or mmol/l) and vice versa. - Set a date for your calculation(s) and store your results. - Logbook - view a history of the results you have stored to date. - Charts - take an at a glance look at how y…iPhone Screenshots. My Diabetes Diet is a simple, easy-to-use app that helps you create a personalized diabetes meal plan tailored to your unique needs. With this app, you can easily create a balanced diet plan with a variety of food options, track your daily food intake, and get tailored advice about nutrition and lifestyle changes to help you ... The authors estimated both HbA1C and fructosamine in 153 patients with a mean age of 47 years, of which 46% had type 1 diabetes and 47% type 2 diabetes. A plot of measured HbA1C was compared to measured fructosamine. The regression line for the cohort was HbA1C = 0.017 x Fructosamine + 1.61. The r value was 0.78. Benefits of A1C Calculator Why use Carepatron as your A1C Calculator app? FAQs. Share. What is an A1C Level Calculator? A1C levels, also known as Hemoglobin A1c or HbA1c levels, are the amount of glucose in the blood over the past 2-3 months. It can be used as a tool for diagnosing prediabetes and diabetes and monitoring how well … Description. A1C blood sugar calculator and tracking app - convert eAG to hbA1C. - Use the A1C calculator to work out your A1C (% or mmol/mol) from your average blood glucose (mg/dL or mmol/l) and vice versa. - Set a date for your calculation(s) and store your results. - Logbook - view a history of the results you have stored to date. Free. iPhone Screenshots. This app converts your HbA1c level (either DCCT Percentage or IFCC mmol/mol) to estimated average blood glucose (eAG) levels (either in mmol/l or …A1C blood sugar calculator and tracking app - convert eAG to hbA1C - Use the A1C calculator to work out your A1C (% or mmol/mol) from your average blood glucose (mg/dL or mmol/l) and vice versa. - Set a date for your calculation(s) and store your results. - Logbook - view a history of the results you have stored to date.The dashboard in the mySugr app shows you an analysis of all the relevant data points as well as patterns in your blood sugar. Simply swipe to the left and access your diabetes data from the previous 7, 14, 30 or 90 days. Thanks to clear infographics, you’ll be able to identify areas where your management could be optimized. Plasma Blood Glucose = (HbA1c * 35.6) - 77.3. Average Whole Blood Glucose = Plasma Blood Glucose / 1.12. This tool provides you with both calculations in the form of (mg/dl) and (mmol/L). Features. - Small size HbA1c app. - Quick results. - Simple to enter values of Glycosylated Hemoglobin. - Auto calculation of HbA1c formula. To use A1C calculator, you need to enter A1C to calculate eAG (BS) and vice versa. Why do you need an A1C chart? ... My calculation was off only by 0.1%. This is the same formula GlucoseTracker uses in the app's dashboard. Glucose in mg/dL: A1c = (46.7 + average_blood_glucose) / 28.7 Glucose in mmol/L: A1c = (2.59 + …A1c calculator: Converts HbA1c to average blood sugar Google Play About A1c Calculator. A1c Calculator is a productivity app developed by SADEQE. The APK has been availableA1C is important, but it's not a substitute for frequent self-monitoring. Only regular blood sugar checks show you how meals, activity, medications and stress affect your blood sugar at a single moment in time, as well as over the course of a day or week. Without regular self-testing to provide day-to-day insights, … See moreeAG/A1C Conversion Calculator. ADA is recommending the use of a new term in diabetes management, estimated average glucose, or eAG. Health care providers can now report …Jan 5, 2022 · Download A1C Calculator - Blood Sugar T for Android: a free health & fitness app developed by HSMedia with 5,000+ downloads. A1C blood glucose calculator and tracking app... A1C blood sugar calculator and tracking app - convert eAG to hbA1C - Use the A1C calculator to work out your A1C (% or mmol/mol) from your average blood glucose (mg/dL or mmol/l) and vice versa. - Set a date for your calculation(s) and store your results. - Logbook - view a history of the results you have stored to date.Esta App científica nos calcula el nivel HbA1c objetivo de un paciente en función de siente parámetros: - Actitud del paciente y esfuerzo durante el tratamiento. - Riesgos potenciales asociados con Hipoglucemias. - Duración de la enfermedad. - Esperanza de vida. - Patologías asociadas. - Complicaci…About this app. arrow_forward. - Use the A1C calculator to work out your A1C (% or mmol/mol) from your average blood glucose …Carbohydrate Coverage Insulin Dose (units) = Meal carbohydrate content / Insulin to carb ratio (the X in 1:X) Commercial insulin products have varying I:C ratio, from 1:4 to 1:30, with most products having an I:C ratio of 1:12 or 1:15. This means that one unit disposes of 12 to 15 grams of carbohydrate. If unknown the I:C ratio can be estimated ...Calculate HbA1c is free Health & Fitness app, developed by Passorn Sueyanyongsiri. Latest version of Calculate HbA1c is 7, was released on 2020-08-26 (updated on 2024-04-19). Estimated number of the downloads is more than 10. Overall rating of Calculate HbA1c is 5,0. Generally most of the top apps on Android Store have …What A1C % is “normal?”. The American Diabetes Association recommends a target of <7%, while the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists recommends a target of <6.5%. In terms of blood sugar, people with diabetes aim for a fasting/before meals blood sugar of 70-130 mg/dL and 2 hours after meal < 180 mg/dL. A1C: What it Measures, Conversion Calculator, Ranges & Tips. A1C is a blood test performed by a healthcare professional to measure an average of blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months. If you have been diagnosed with prediabetes or diabetes, you have probably had your A1C tested. This is a helpful tool for understanding your overall blood ... Here's how to setup the LibreLinkUp app ‡: Step 1: Send an invite from the FreeStyle Libre 2* or 3 † app to the person you want to connect with. Step 2: Have that person open the email invitation and download the LibreLinkUp app ‡. Step 3: When they open the LibreLinkUp app, they will follow the prompts to create an account and connect ...The app functions as a bolus calculator and allows wireless transfer of BG values, which is achieved by pairing the mobile phone with a Bluetooth adapter connected to a BG meter. The Diabetes Diary allows BG levels, insulin, food, and activity to be registered. ... The use of this bolus calculator has been shown to improve A1C levels. 17. Dario ...From meters to apps, our innovative diabetes management tools help put you in charge. Accu-Chek Guide. Accu-Chek Guide Me. Accu-Chek Guide Test Strips. ... A1c Calculator. Learn more about our A1C Calculator and how to use it. Prescription Discount Program. Learn how to save money with our Prescription Discount Program.This may or may not be helpful, as it assumes your health provider is allowing Health to pull down data and lab results. If it is, you can find your results under Browse —> Health Records (at the bottom of the page) either under All Records or Lab Results. Tracking A1C in Apple Health. . Support.- Use the A1C calculator to work out your A1C (% or mmol/mol) from your average blood glucose (mg/dL or mmol/l) and vice versa. - Set a date for your calculation(s) and store your results. - Logbook - view a history of the results you have stored to date. - Charts - take an at a glance look at how y…iPhone Screenshots. Blood Sugar Tracker, the #1 diabetes app, has been specifically designed to assist in tracking blood sugar, weight, blood pressure, A1C, medications, carbs, and more. With an impressive user base of over 50,000 individuals, Blood Sugar Tracker has earned the highest rating among diabetes apps available on the App Store.You can easily calculate the glucose infusion rate in your head, and should! Paediatrics & Child Health , Volume 25, Issue 4, June 2020, Pages 199–200. Stensvold HJ, Lang AM, Strommen K, et al. Strictly controlled glucose infusion rates are associated with a reduced risk of hyperglycaemia in extremely low birth weight preterm infants .A1C blood sugar calculator and tracking app - convert eAG to hbA1C. - Use the A1C calculator to work out your A1C (% or mmol/mol) from your average blood glucose …Explore normal A1C levels by age and understand where you stand in your health journey. Gain insights into average glucose levels corresponding to your A1C …About this app. On this page you can download A1c Calculator and install on Windows PC. A1c Calculator is free Productivity app, developed by SADEQE. Latest version of A1c Calculator is 1.0.0, was released on 2024-03-04 (updated on 2024-03-04). Estimated number of the downloads is more than 10. A1C blood sugar calculator and tracking app - convert eAG to hbA1C - Use the A1C calculator to work out your A1C (% or mmol/mol) from your average blood glucose (mg/dL or mmol/l) and vice versa. - Set a date for your calculation(s) and store your results. - Logbook - view a history of the results you have stored to date. This is the same formula GlucoseTracker uses in the app's dashboard. Glucose in mg/dL: A1c = (46.7 + average_blood_glucose) / 28.7. Glucose in mmol/L: A1c = (2.59 + average_blood_glucose) / 1.59. Source: Wikipedia. So, for example, if your average blood glucose level in the past 3 months is 130 mg/dL (7.2 mmol/L) , your estimated A1c …Jan 25, 2024 · This app also has features for tracking blood pressure, weight, and A1C. Upgrade to a premium membership ($2.99 per month) for personalized monthly reports, educational content, and more. DiabetesConnect. Apple rating: 4.7. Android rating: 4.4. Free, with in-app upgrades available Jul 19, 2023 · Diabetes—a chronic health condition that impacts how a person’s body converts food into energy, resulting in abnormal blood glucose (sugar) levels—affects more than 37 million U.S.adults [1 ... HOMA-IR = (Fasting insulin in mIU/L x Fasting glucose in mg/dL) / 405. Normal reference levels for HOMA-IR range between 0.7 and 2.0. Several studies use the 2.0 value as cut-off for increased insulin resistance. HOMA-IR is a preferred estimate for insulin resistance as glucose clamp methods, the current gold standard, are resource intensive ...A beautiful, free online scientific calculator with advanced features for evaluating percentages, fractions, exponential functions, logarithms, trigonometry, statistics, and more.The calculator will then estimate your average blood sugar levels based on this percentage. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) has established the following general guidelines for A1C levels: Less than 5.7%: Normal blood sugar control. 5.7% to 6.4%: Prediabetes. 6.5% or higher: Diabetes.I use android, and my app is in Dutch, but I expect it to look about the same for you. Tap the 3 lines at the top of your screen to open a pop up menu, and choose the one for estimated hba1c. That said, my estimated hba1c is …- Use the A1C calculator to work out your A1C (% or mmol/mol) from your average blood glucose (mg/dL or mmol/l) and vice versa. - Set a date for your calculation(s) and store your results. - Logbook - view a history of the results you have stored to date. - Charts - take an at a glance look at how y…Mar 15, 2021 · Without the need for a blood draw, it takes the average of your glucose readings and uses a formula to estimate what your A1C is expected to be. To calculate GMI you should have at least 14 days of data. Your glucose management can also be measured by Time in Range ( TIR, when glucose levels are between 70 to 180mg/dL), Time Below Range ... The calculator will then estimate your average blood sugar levels based on this percentage. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) has established the following general guidelines for A1C levels: Less than 5.7%: Normal blood sugar control. 5.7% to 6.4%: Prediabetes. 6.5% or higher: Diabetes. Explore normal A1C levels by age and understand where you stand in your health journey. Gain insights into average glucose levels corresponding to your A1C …
- Use the A1C calculator to work out your A1C (% or mmol/mol) from your average blood glucose (mg/dL or mmol/l) and vice versa. - Set a date for your calculation(s) and store your results. - Logbook - view a history of the results you have stored to date. - Charts - take an at a glance look at how y…. Youtube tv football
This blood test allows you to determine what your average blood glucose levels are over time and can be measured through routine lab work. An A1C test result …Getty Creative. Table of Contents. What Is Diabetes? What to Look for in a Diabetes App. The Best Diabetes Apps, Recommended By Experts. Show more. … A1C Calculator. The calculation below is provided to illustrate the relationship between A1C and average blood glucose levels. This calculation is not meant to replace an actual lab A1C result, but to help you better understand the relationship between your test results and your A1C. - Use the A1C calculator to work out your A1C (% or mmol/mol) from your average blood glucose (mg/dL or mmol/l) and vice versa. - Set a date for your calculation(s) and store your results. - Logbook - view a history of the results you have stored to date. - Charts - take an at a glance look at how y…The higher the percentage, the higher your blood sugar levels have been over the last few months. For diagnosing purposes, an A1C level of: Less than 5.7% means you don’t have diabetes. 5.7% to 6.4% signals prediabetes. 6.5% or higher usually indicates Type 2 diabetes (or Type 1 diabetes).Mar 14, 2023 · Glucose Buddy: Best for Tracking Blood Sugar. Plans range from $19.99 to $59.99 per month. iOS and Android. Track blood sugar readings, log meals, 12-week diabetes education plan, nutritional insights, track exercise data, and print out reports for your medical provider. MyFitnessPal: Best for Food Tracking. - Use the A1C calculator to work out your A1C (% or mmol/mol) from your average blood glucose (mg/dL or mmol/l) and vice versa. - Set a date for your calculation(s) and store your results. - Logbook - view a history of the results you have stored to date. - Charts - take an at a glance look at how y…From meters to apps, our innovative diabetes management tools help put you in charge. Accu-Chek Guide. Accu-Chek Guide Me. Accu-Chek Guide Test Strips. ... A1c Calculator. Learn more about our A1C Calculator and how to use it. Prescription Discount Program. Learn how to save money with our Prescription Discount Program.Patient specific A1C target recommendation. Print Reset. A1C Target for most patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Continue to answer the questions below for a patient specific A1C target recommendation. Patient specific A1C target recommendation. Patient specific A1C target recommendation. Patient specific A1C target recommendation.This algorithm is dedicated to the memory of Dr- Use the A1C calculator to work out your A1C (% or mmol/mol) from your average blood glucose (mg/dL or mmol/l) and vice versa. - Set a date for your calculation(s) and store your results. - Logbook - view a history of the results you have stored to date. - Charts - take an at a glance look at how y…Screenshots. Do the math with Calculator from Apple. Features. • Use the standard calculator in portrait mode, or turn your device to landscape mode for more advanced calculations using the scientific calculator. • Quickly access Calculator in Control Center. Swipe down from the top-right edge on iPhone X and later, or swipe up from the ...Glucose Buddy. Glucose Buddy is an iPhone specific app for tracking your blood glucose levels. Its features allow for insulin, medication, A1C, and carbohydrate tracking. It can be synced with certain blood glucose monitors and offers areas to track your physical exercise and food intake.Benefits of A1C Calculator Why use Carepatron as your A1C Calculator app? FAQs. Share. What is an A1C Level Calculator? A1C levels, also known as Hemoglobin A1c or HbA1c levels, are the amount of glucose in the blood over the past 2-3 months. It can be used as a tool for diagnosing prediabetes and diabetes and monitoring how well …What is HbA1c? HbA1c stands for Glycosylated Hemoglobin. Here are the two formulas which calculate estimated blood sugar level: Plasma Blood Glucose = (HbA1c * 35.6) - 77.3. Average Whole Blood Glucose = Plasma Blood Glucose / 1.12. This tool provides you with both calculations in the form of (mg/dl) and (mmol/L). Features. - Small size HbA1c app.Benefits of A1C Calculator Why use Carepatron as your A1C Calculator app? FAQs. Share. What is an A1C Level Calculator? A1C levels, also known as Hemoglobin A1c or HbA1c levels, are the amount of glucose in the blood over the past 2-3 months. It can be used as a tool for diagnosing prediabetes and diabetes and monitoring how well …The mylife App lets you manage your diabetes discreetly at any time and any place and documentation becomes a matter of ease! Calculate your bolus suggestion, create your reports and get an overview on your therapy management with practical graphs and statistics. Suitable for pump therapy in open-loop and for MDI therapy..